[雙語(yǔ)閱讀]反對(duì)“反傾銷”
    2009-11-23    作者:王婧    來(lái)源:經(jīng)濟(jì)參考報(bào)

    ANTI-ANTI-DUMPING

  It is not just all good things that come to an end. Some bad ones do too. Yesterday,European Union trade officials rejected a plan to extend the、佟癮nti-dumping” duties levied on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Even so,the episode points up the opaque and arbitrary nature of EU trade laws.
  The duties,imposed for two years on imports sold below the price in the exporting country’s home market,began in 2006 after、趌obbying by producer countries such as Spain and Italy. As the end-date approached the European Commission was pressed to keep the duties for a further 15 months. The Commission should have stood up to this lobby:it did not.
  Anti-dumping duties are generally a bad idea. There may a case for protecting an industry with strategic importance. But shoes are less strategic even than yoghurts. If Beijing wants to subsidise European consumers’shoe habits,by sending footwear halfway around the globe,it should be able to do so. Shoemaking is not an industry with high barriers to entry,nor one where ③predatory pricing delivers an unfair competitive advantage.
  There are other problems with anti-dumping duties too. They encourage retaliation,moving international trade further in the wrong direction. The protection afforded by anti-dumping measures also encourages producers to focus on pleading or arguing for its continuance rather than concentrating on how to become more competitive themselves,perhaps by moving to the ④top end of the market or even by becoming more responsive to customers’needs.
  Though yesterday’s decision was the right result,the process by which it was achieved was a reminder of the vagaries of the EU approach to anti-dumping actions. Like most members of the World Trade Organisation,the EU allows its policymakers too much discretion and does not insist on enough transparency. This produces a regime that is neither clear nor certain.
  Peter(now Lord)Mandelson sought to reform the anti-dumping laws while he was trade commissioner,but was unable to make headway.、軸ince the credit crunch has caused a fresh outbreak of economic nationalism among some EU countries,now is probably not the best time to seek to revive reform plans. Instead,EU national governments should make sure that if the Commission again seeks to appease the protectionists and tries to extend anti-dumping next month then their ministers reject it as officials did.

  譯文梗概

  反對(duì)“反傾銷”

  結(jié)束的并不都是好事,有時(shí)候壞事也有告終的那一天。昨日,歐盟(EU)貿(mào)易官員拒絕了對(duì)中國(guó)和越南鞋類產(chǎn)品延長(zhǎng)征收“反傾銷稅”的計(jì)劃。即便如此,這件事仍暴露了歐盟貿(mào)易法律的不透明及武斷特性。
  這些關(guān)稅是在西班牙和意大利等鞋類生產(chǎn)國(guó)游說(shuō)之后,從2006年起開始征收的,理由是進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品的售價(jià)低于出口國(guó)家本土市場(chǎng)上的價(jià)格。隨著關(guān)稅終止日期的臨近,相關(guān)方面對(duì)歐盟委員會(huì)(EU)施加壓力,要求把這些關(guān)稅延長(zhǎng)15個(gè)月。歐盟委員會(huì)本應(yīng)在這種游說(shuō)面前站穩(wěn)立場(chǎng),但它沒(méi)有。
  反傾銷關(guān)稅一般都是餿主意。要保護(hù)一個(gè)具有戰(zhàn)略重要性的產(chǎn)業(yè),也許還說(shuō)得通。但鞋類的戰(zhàn)略意義甚至還不如酸奶。如果北京方面想要補(bǔ)貼歐洲消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)鞋習(xí)慣,把廉價(jià)鞋類送到地球的另一邊,不妨讓它這么做。制鞋業(yè)沒(méi)有很高的進(jìn)入障礙,也不是掠奪性定價(jià)能夠帶來(lái)不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的行業(yè)。
  反傾銷關(guān)稅還有其它問(wèn)題。它們鼓勵(lì)對(duì)方采取報(bào)復(fù)措施,從而國(guó)際貿(mào)易進(jìn)一步推向錯(cuò)誤的方向。反傾銷措施所提供的保護(hù),還會(huì)鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)商為了延續(xù)這些措施而進(jìn)行懇求或申辯,而非專注于讓自己變得更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,比如向高端市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)移,或者甚至是對(duì)顧客需求做出更為靈敏的反應(yīng)。
  盡管昨日的決定是一個(gè)正確的結(jié)果,但得出這個(gè)結(jié)果的過(guò)程提醒人們,歐盟在反傾銷行動(dòng)方面有些反復(fù)無(wú)常。與世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)的多數(shù)成員一樣,歐盟讓自己的政策制定者具有太多的任意決定權(quán),而且沒(méi)有堅(jiān)持要求充分的透明度。這造成了一個(gè)既不清晰、也不確定的機(jī)制。
  曼德爾森勛爵(Lord Mandelson)在擔(dān)任歐盟貿(mào)易專員期間,曾尋求改革反傾銷法律,但未能取得進(jìn)展。鑒于信貸緊縮已導(dǎo)致某些歐盟國(guó)家爆發(fā)新一波的經(jīng)濟(jì)民族主義,現(xiàn)在或許并非重啟改革計(jì)劃的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。相反,如果歐盟委員會(huì)再次尋求安撫保護(hù)主義者,試圖在下月延長(zhǎng)反傾銷關(guān)稅,歐盟各國(guó)政府應(yīng)當(dāng)確保他們的部長(zhǎng)拒絕接受這個(gè)決定,就像歐盟官員所做的那樣。

(文章來(lái)源:FT中文網(wǎng))

  點(diǎn)評(píng):

  ①anti-dumping duties,反傾銷稅。duty在此意為“稅,關(guān)稅”,可用作復(fù)數(shù),也可與其它詞一起構(gòu)成形容詞,如duty-free(免稅的)。duty 還有“義務(wù),責(zé)任,職責(zé),職務(wù)”的意思!
 、趌obby,在此處作動(dòng)詞,意為“對(duì)(議員等)進(jìn)行游說(shuō)活動(dòng)”。lobby作名詞意為“游說(shuō)者”。 
 、踦redatory pricing,掠奪性定價(jià),指通過(guò)犧牲短期利潤(rùn)消除競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而在長(zhǎng)期獲得高利潤(rùn)的定價(jià)行為,是一種不公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為。price作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“定價(jià),出價(jià),標(biāo)價(jià)”!
 、躷op end意為“高端的”。高端市場(chǎng)也可作“high end market”。類似表達(dá)還有l(wèi)ow end market,低端市場(chǎng);midrange market,中端市場(chǎng)。
 、菰谶@里,“Since the credit crunch has caused a fresh outbreak of economic nationalism among some EU countries”,是一個(gè)由連接詞“since”引導(dǎo)的表起因或原因的狀語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明了主句所陳述的“now is probably not the best time to seek to revive reform plans”的原因。

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