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　　US　Feels　Reverberations　of　long-term　Joblessness
　　The　US　labour　market　used　to　be　whizzy.　People　would　①chop　and　change　jobs　at　a　furious　pace，but　not　many　stayed　out　of　work　for　long.　If　you　wanted　to　see　countries　sagging　under　the　weight　of　long-term　joblessness，you　had　to　cross　the　Atlantic.
　�、贠n　the　eve　of　the　global　downturn　in　2007，10　per　cent　of�、踭he　US　unemployed　had　been　out　of　work　for　a　year　or　more，compared　with　25　per　cent　in　the　UK，40　per　cent　in　France　and　57　per　cent　in　Germany.
　　Times　have　changed.　The　sheer　force　of　the　recession　has　driven　8.2m　out　of　work　in　the　US　and　pushed　the　unemployment　rate　to　the　highest　since　1983.
　　Long-term　unemployment　is　already　much　worse　than　in　the　1980s：　in　October，5.5m？C　almost　40　per　cent　of　the　US　jobless？C　had　been　so　for　at　least　six　months，the　highest　on　record.　Twenty　per　cent　had　been　unemployed　for　a　year　or　more，compared　with　a　fairly　static　25　per　cent　in　the　UK.
　　This　could　have　lasting　④reverberations　both　for　America‘s　people　and　its　economy.
　　“It’s　a　killer　disease，”says　Thomas　Cottle　at　Boston　University，author　of　Hardest　Times：The　Trauma　of　Long-Term　Unemployment.“People　are　going　to　be　damaged　and　may　not　recover　in　their　lifetime.”
　　The　longer　people　are　jobless，the　more　their　skills　and　confidence　decline　and　the　less　appealing　they　become　to　employers.“There‘s　a　lot　of　research　showing　lengthy　unemployment　essentially　erodes　the　productive　capacity　of　the　economy，”says　Timothy　Bartik，a　labour　market　economist　at　the　W.E.　Upjohn　Institute.
　　The　Congressional　Budget　Office　released　a　report　in　2007　into　long-term　joblessness，which　was　at　the　time　something　of　a　niche　topic.
　　After　an　unemployment�、輘pell　of　six　months　or　more，people’s　new　jobs　paid　an　average　20　per　cent　less　than　their　previous　ones，it　found.　More　worryingly，the　CBO　discovered　that　about　one　in　four　of　the　long-　term　unemployed　dropped　out　of　the　labour　force　altogether.

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　　長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)將削弱美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)“元?dú)狻?/STRONG>